AFRICA GOLD
Africa's Best
Africa's Best Organics
Africa's Best Originals
AFRICAN PRIDE
ALIKAY
ALLDAY
AMPRO
As I AM
Aunt Jackie's
Baby Don't Be Bold
Blue Magic
BRONNER BROS.
BUMP PATROL
By Natures
CANTU
Carol's Daughter
CHAMBERS
Clairol
CREME OF NATURE
Curls
Curly Chic
DAX
Design Essentials
DooGro
DOUX
Dr. Miracles
Fantasia
Hollywood Beauty
HS POS
JAMAICAN MANGO & LIME
JEBA
Kuza
Lottabody
Luster's
Makari
Mane
Mane n Tail
Mango Lime
Mielle Organics
Motions
Murray's
Organic Hair Energizer
ORS
Palmer's
PANTENE
PARNEVU
POS
Princess Nature
Pro Line
Pro Sheen
Profectiv
Queen Helene
Reviv2Grow
Royal Crown
Rubee
Shea Moisture
Silicon Mix
Sofn'free
Soft Sheen Carson
Softee
SOUL MATE
Star Care
Sulfur 8
Sunny Isle
Taliah Waajid
TCB
TGIN
Tropic Isle
Ultimate
Vatika
Virgin
Wonder Gro
Wonder Grow
DAX Green & Gold (3.5oz)
$5.95
DAX Green & Gold is a specially formulated styling wax that is made from beeswax and natural oils. Green & Gold offers strong hold without the unwanted build-up or over drying effects that many styling products can cause. Green & Gold is great for styling short hair.
Beeswax and natural oil formula
Strong hold without buildup or drying of hair
Use for locs, braids, molding and sculpting
Best used on short hair
Benefits
Beeswax — Has been known to help make hair stronger and thicker. Beeswax can also help build the volume of hair in order to provide improved control and texture to hair for a particular desired style. Beeswax can give additional shine and glossy appearance to hair and offer extra protection. The presence of antioxidants helps protect the hair from harm and damage created from everyday styling, environmental factors and conditions. Beeswax can also help provide added lubrication, moisture, hydration, and softness to hair.
Jojoba Oil — Helps nourish and add moisture and shine to hair.
Safflower Oil — Naturally derived oil that provides excellent moisturization and shine.
Olive Oil — Helps enhance the health and vitality of your hair. Natural hair conditioner. Helps to make your hair softer and more manageable.
AFRICA'S BEST Super Gro Hair & Scalp Conditioner w/Vit.&Herb (5.25oz)
$7.29
AFRICA'S BEST Super Gro Hair & Scalp Conditioner w/Vit.&Herb (5.25oz)
BLUE MAGIC Argan Herbal Complex Leave-In Conditioner (13.75oz)
$7.95
Argan Herbal Complex
DETAILS
Made with 100% Pure Argan Oil
Hydrating Formula
Restore Hair's Natural Moisture Balance
Adds Shine & Softness
USAGE
Shampoo, towel dry and apply to scalp and hair.
Massage in thoroughly & gently comb for even coverage.
Style as needed.
No heat cap needed.
May be used daily to add shine and softness.
PARNEVU T-TREE HERBAL GROW-6OZ
$8.99
PARNEVU T-TREE HERBAL GROW-6OZ
Tea Tree Oil, -Natures Healer-, is anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory PARNEVU T-Tree Herbal Grow is uniquely formulated to stimulate healthy growth while treating dandruff and eliminating flaky, dry, and itchy scalp. Regular use of PARNEVU T-Tree Herbal Grow naturally promotes growth and the healing process for total hair and scalp health.
HOLLYWOOD BEAUTY Carrot Oil Root Moisturizer (12oz)
$8.99
HOLLYWOOD BEAUTY Carrot Oil Root Moisturizer (12oz)
Healthy hair starts at the root. Seven oils, lanolin, and vitamin E add moisture to the hair root to promote healthy growth. Shake it up. That will get the seven natural oils blended to help ensure that you have maximized everything Hollywood beauty carrot oil has to offer.
MURRAY'S Coco Soft Conditioner ( 12.5oz)
$8.99
Murray's CoCoSoft Conditioner 12.5 ozConditioner & Hair dress with coconut oil anti-breakage formula.Direction :For best results, gently massage into hair and scalp with finger tips. Comb or brush har thoroughtly into desired style.
WONDER GRO Hair & Skin Conditioner with Coconut & Tar (12oz)
$9.99
WONDER GRO Hair & Skin Conditioner with Coconut & Tar (12oz)
Experience the wonders of healthy hair and scalp with WONDER GRO Hair and Scalp Conditioner. Formulated with nourishing coconut and revitalizing tar, this 12 oz. conditioner promotes strong, shiny hair and a healthy scalp. Trust in our expertly crafted formula for visible results you can feel confident in.
SUNNY ISLE 100% Raw and Pure Batana Oil (2oz)
$21.99
Sunny Isle 100% Raw & Pure Batana Oil is premium grade, unrefined authentic, and extracted from the nuts of the Ojon palm tree, also known as the American Oil Palm, which is native to the rainforests of Honduras. Known for its rich, golden-brown color and distinctive earthy aroma, batana oil is renowned for its restorative properties, especially for damaged hair and skin. This batana oil has a rich and thick consistency with a buttery texture when solidified. It offers versatility in uses and is suitable for various hair and skin types.
Our organic Batana oil is rich antioxidants with Vitamin E and Omega fatty acids, providing nourishment to promote stronger, moisturized hair and to prevent hair breakage. A deep conditioning oil, it penetrates the hair shaft to provide intense hydration, leaving hair softer, shinier, and more manageable.
Uses & Benefits:
Moisturizes Scalp and Hair
Stimulates Hair Growth
Repairs & Restores Dry, Brittle, Damaged Hair & Split Ends
Tames frizz for a smoother, healthy-looking finish
Sealant for Dry Hair to Prevent Breakage
May be used as a Hot Oil Treatment
Daily Skin Moisturizer
How to Use: Gently massage the oil into your scalp or any other areas requiring attention until absorbed. If solidified, gently warm the oil by rubbing in your palm to liquify. May be used sparingly as a leave-in treatment or apply it generously and leave overnight for maximum benefits, followed by cleansing with shampoo.
Ingredient: Organic Raw Batana Oil (Elaeis Oleifera)
Why Choose Sunny Isle Batana Oil?
Sunny Isle is a brand you can trust. Authenticity matters because "oil" is our business. We responsibly source this real, original authentic GMO-Free organic "Purified Brown" Batana Oil from the Miskitia region of Honduras. Our Batana Oil is manufactured in the labor-intensive manner traditional to that region. It is unadulterated and free of chemicals. To maintain its efficacy, we have packaged this oil in our amber glass jar.
DOO GRO Medicated Hair Vitalizer Anti-Dandruff Formula (3.8oz)
$11.99
DOO GRO Medicated Hair Vitalizer Anti-Dandruff Formula (3.8oz)
Intense moisture rich conditioner
Controls scalp itching and flaking due to dandruff
Helps reduce breakage allowing hair to grow longer
KUZA Hair Food Extra Dry Hair & Scalp(4oz)
$6.99
KUZA Hair Food Extra Dry Hair & Scalp(4oz) deeply nourishes and moisturizes dry hair and scalp. Formulated with natural ingredients, this hair food helps promote healthy hair growth and prevents dryness and flakiness. Experience the benefits of soft, silky, and healthy hair with KUZA.
BLUE MAGIC Cholesterol Conditioning Rinse (14oz)
$7.99
Cholesterol Conditioning Rinse
DETAILS
For softer hair with Aloe Vera and Vitamin E
Prevents hair breakage
Gives new life to dry, damaged hair
Rich in natural conditioners & nutrients
Softens, moisturizes & deep-conditions hair for a healthier, vibrant look
Helps prevent breakage, brittleness & split-ends
Detangles hair as it adds body & sheen
Excellent for chemically processed hair
USAGE
Shampoo hair thoroughly. Rinse well. Apply generously.
Massage gently to work evenly through hair.
Leave on for 2 minutes.
Rinse thoroughly.
Repeat.
Use as needed.
For best results use bi-weekly to monthly.
PARNEVU T-TREE BREAK CONTROL-6OZ
$8.99
Effectively control hair breakage with PARNEVU T-TREE BREAK CONTROL-6OZ. Formulated with the powerful healing properties of tea tree oil, this product strengthens and nourishes hair, reducing breakage by up to 50%*. Keep your hair healthy and strong with PARNEVU T-TREE BREAK CONTROL-6OZ. (*Based on lab testing)
SULFUR 8 Lock Twist & Braid Butter (4oz)
$12.99
SULFUR 8 Lock Twist & Braid Butter (4oz)
Made with African Shea Butter and Tea Tree OilGreat for styling and maintaining your locs, twists and braidsSoftens, conditions, and adds shine to dull hair
ALLDay Locks Classic Hair Lotion (7.7 oz)
$13.99
AllDay Locks Classic Hair Lotion (7.7 oz)
To hydrating, defining softness
Enhances natural hair appearance
Healthy, lustrous shine
Suitable for various hair types
Our "Finishing lotion" will bring back gorgeous bounce, silkiness and shape to your hair
The lightweight formula will help hydrate and soften your natural and permanently waved hair with a healthy-looking shine
How to Use
Apply the desired amount of lotion evenly throughout your hair
Massaging and working it thoroughly in with the palms of your hands
Comb the product through your hair and style as usual
Ingredients:
Water, propylene glycol, glycerin, cetearyl alcohol phenoxyethanol, behentrimonium methosulfate, simethicone, Dimethicone, behentrimonium chloride, polyquaternium-11, isopropyl alcohol, Ethylhexylglycerin, disodium edta, hydrolzed Keratin, panthenol, argania spinosa, kernel
MURRAY'S Beewax Natural-Loc Molding Paste (6oz)
$9.99
Murray's Beewax Natural-Loc Molding Paste(6oz)
Our premium molding paste delivers the desired grip control needed for locking or twisting hair. Ultra-rich conditioners penetrates and nourishes the hair shaft lending brilliant sheen and maximum strength to strands. Styling Instructions: Start with shampooed, well-condition natural hair. Apply Molding Creme to parted section of hair, comb through to ends for even distribution, braid, twist or lock. Repeat process until style is completed.
DESIGN ESSENTIALS Chebe Braid Twist Out Strengthening Creme (12 oz)
$27.99
Whether you braid it in or twist it out, the Design Essentials® Natural African Chebe Braid & Twist-Out Strengthening Crème delivers high definition coils and twist outs that are smooth, soft, and shiny. This leave-in therapy contains a blend of Chebe powder, African extracts and sunflower oil to deliver strong, moisturized and beautiful hair.
Benefits
Fights frizz with no residue buildup
Enhances curl and coil definition
Provides a medium to firm hold
Free from parabens, gluten, petrolatum, mineral oil and silicones
Key Ingredients
CHEBE POWDER promotes growth by strengthening the hair
AFRICAN EXTRACT contains key antioxidants that help nourish the hair and scalp
SUNFLOWER OIL delivers moisture, softness, shone and protection
How To Use
Prep hair with the Anti-Breakage Moisturizing Leave-In Conditioner.
Apply styling crème to clean, damp hair and comb through from ends to roots.
Using sections, braid, twist, or finger style as desired.
Allow hair to dry naturally or use a diffuser
TGIN Sweet Honey Hair Milk and Moisturizer (8oz)
$16.99
Kiss dry hair goodbye and say hello to soft, beautiful moisturized curls with tgin Sweet Honey Hair Milk. Infused with raw honey and agave nectar, this lightweight hair milk has the perfect combination of moisture and antioxidants, to help condition and detangle overworked kinky, curly and wavy tresses.
Benefits:
Moisturizes and protects
Helps to minimize breakage
Protects against damage and split ends Great for all hair types
Detangling agents help keep hair soft, smooth, and free from breakage
Directions:
Use daily or every other day as needed. Apply a small amount to hands, rub together, and work through hair. Can also be used as a setting cream to create soft, smooth and shiny two strand twists and twist-outs
CREME OF NATURE Pure Honey Twist & Hold Definning Custard (11.5Oz)
$16.99
Define Curls with Long-Lasting Soft Hold
Define, add shine and tame frizz with our Twist & Hold Defining Custard infused with a blend of Pure Honey, Certified Natural Coconut Oil & Shea Butter.
BENEFITS
Defines & Adds Shine to the Driest Curls
Moisturizes & Tames Frizz
Provides Long-Lasting Soft Hold
Fights Curl Shrinkage
Perfect for Twist Outs & Rod Sets
HOW TO
Apply to wet hair in small sections.
Smooth each section with fingers from root to ends.
Use a spray bottle to re-wet any dry section.
To dry:Â either air dry or use a diffuser attachment on a blow dryer. Use dime sized amount when cocktailing with other products.
DOO GRO Triple Strength Anti-Breakage Hair Lotion (12oz)
$12.99
DOO GRO Triple Strength Anti-Breakage Hair Lotion )12oz)
Protects against breakage & mends split ends
Helps repair weak & damaged hair
Moisturizes & detangles
Aloe vera, shea butter, beeswax & pure herbs enriched
Promotes strong healthy, growing hair*
Helps stop breakage and repairs weak, damaged hair.
Its special blend of aloe vera, shea butter, vitamins, beeswax and pure herbs moisturizes and detangles while helping promote strong, healthy, growing hair.
Helps protect hair from the damaging effects of blow dryers,
curling irons, and chemical treatments while leaving hair with a beautiful softness and natural shine.
DOO GRO® Triple Strength Anti-Breakage Growth Lotion is safe for children and can be used on all types of hair including colour-treated, relaxed and braided.
Directions: Use daily or as often as needed. Apply to palm of hand and massage through hair.
Using a wide tooth comb, gently comb hair. Do not rinse out. Style as usual.
For best results, use DOO GRO® products!
*Helps reduce breakage allowing hair to grow longer!
DAX Kocatah Dry Scalp Relief
from $8.99
DAX Kocatah PLUS is fortified with Coconut Oil, Camphor, Menthol and a proprietary blend of ingredients to effectively help alleviate dry scalp, dandruff and itching. DAX Kocatah PLUS also helps reduce hair breakage, helping mend and minimize split ends. This soothing formula is a fusion of our original Dax Kocatah with added goodies to help promote a healthy scalp and hair.
Fortified with Coconut Oil, Camphor Oil and Menthol Oil
Effective treatment for dry scalp, dandruff, itching and reducing breakage and split ends
Benefits
Coconut Oil — Excellent natural conditioner that helps with hair growth and adds shine.
Proprietary Blend — For treatment of dandruff and dry, itchy scalp. Helps relieve itching and flaking.
MOTIONS WEIGHTLESS DAILY OIL MOISTURIZER (12OZ)
$10.99
Motions Weightless Daily Oil Moisturizer (12oz)
AFRICAN PRIDE Feel It Formula Strengthening Balm (4oz)
$12.99
AFRICAN PRIDE Feel It Formula Strengthening Balm (4oz)
The Feel It Formula Strengthening Balm is infused with Peppermint, Rosemary & Sage Oil, to stimulate your scalp and strengthen your edges and nape. Helps prevent hair breakage, even as you change your styles.
Helps promote Edge Growth & Healthy-looking Scalp
Peppermint Oil: Promotes hair growth and helps to increase hair follicle thickness
Rosemary Oil: Stimulates the roots and increases scalp circulation
Sage Oil: Helps prevent hair loss, Soothes scalp irritation and restores a healthy shine
Apply directly to edges, temple and nape area and massage into hair and scalp. Leave in and style as desired. Use twice daily for best results.
Description
The Feel It Formula Strengthening Balm is infused with Peppermint, Rosemary & Sage Oil, to stimulate your scalp and strengthen your edges and nape. Helps prevent hair breakage, even as you change your styles.Helps promote Edge Growth & Healthy-looking ScalpPeppermint Oil: Promotes hair growth and helps to increase hair follicle thicknessRosemary Oil: Stimulates the roots and increases scalp circulationSage Oil: Helps prevent hair loss, Soothes scalp irritation and restores a healthy shineApply directly to edges, temple and nape area and massage into hair and scalp. Leave in and style as desired. Use twice daily for best results.
AFRICAN PRIDE Curl Activator Moisturizing Milk ( 12oz)
$7.99
AFRICAN PRIDE Curl Activator Moisturizing Milk ( 12oz)
Instantly Moisturize Curls, Coils and Waves
Stretch & Elongate Curls and Kinky-Coils
Detangles, Smooth and Tame Frizz
DABUR VATIKA Naturals Black Seed Styling Hair Cream (7.1 oz)
$9.99
Black Seed has been known for centuries for its powerful properties in the ancient cultures of Asia and Middle East. Vatika now brings you the wonders of Black Seed in a styling cream. Discover complete care and improved shine & texture with the Turkish Black Seed in this unique hair cream formula. It is non greasy, long lasting and provides natural care and styling for your hair.Black seed hair styling cream for day long shine and style.
DOO GRO Anti-Dandruff Creme Hair Vitalizer-Purple (4oz)
$11.99
Doo Gro Anti-Dandruff Creme Hair Vitalizer-Purple(4oz)
Creamy light-weight formula
Controls scalp itching and flaking due to dandruff
Helps reduce breakage allowing hair to grow longer
MIELLE OATS & HONEY Soothing Scalp stick (0.5oz)
$6.99
You no longer have to put up with bothersome dry scalp! Try Mielle’s Oats & Honey Soothing Scalp Stick to instantly calm and soothe your scalp. Specially designed for sensitive scalp, this convenient stick provides the hydration your scalp deserves. Ingredients such as oats, honey, olive, mango and shea butter combine to saturate and nourish your scalp, leaving it feeling calm and soothing! Excellent for use by both men and women. Keep one at home and throw one in your bag!
• Gentle on hair and scalp• Provides maximum hydration• Soft and soothing
CREME OF NATURE Pure Honey Twisting Creme (11.5Oz)
$17.99
Creme of Nature Pure Honey Twisting Creme (11.5oz)
Define and elongate curls with Moisture Whip Twisting Cream infused with Pure Honey, Certified Natural Coconut Oil and Shea Butter for long-lasting hold and shine.
Defines & Elongates Curls.
Provides Crunch-Free Soft & Shiny Curls.
Long-Lasting Hold.
Non-Flaking, Non-Sticky, Non-Greasy.
USAGE
Scoop a liberal amount into your hand and smooth downward on small sections of damp hair using fingertips.
Then twist, shingle, coil or wash n’ go.
Do not rinse, air dry or diffuse.
For curl elongation, use a blow dryer with a nozzle attachment on fully dried hair and direct heat from roots to mid-shaft to lengthen.
INGREDIENTS
NO Sulfates, NO Mineral Oil, NO Silicones.
AFRICA'S BEST Maximum Strength Super Gro (5.25oz)
$7.29
Africa's Best Maximum Strength Super Gro(5.25oz)
DR. MIRACLES-TEMPLE & NAPE GRO BALM
$10.99
DR. MIRACLES-TEMPLE & NAPE GRO BALM
Normal strength formula blended with Wheat Protein, Vitamins A & D, and Aloe Vera for healthy hair growth, especially in the delicate temple and nape areas.
ALIKAY NATURALS Lemongrass Super Twist Butter (8oz)
$21.99
ALIKAY NATURALS Lemongrass Super Twist Butter (8oz)
JEBA Natural Hair Food (380g)
$19.99
JEBA Natural Hair Food (380g)
Herbal Formula Stops Dandruff. Stops Hair Breakage. Prevents Baldness Directions: Massage Jeba Hair Food into plated hair (Rasta), relaxed hair, natural hair or bald hair. For bald hair apply warm towel and massage thoroughly for good result, great style and good looks.
Directions:
Massage Jeba Hair Food into braids, Locs, relaxed hair, natural hair or bald hair
For bald hair apply warm towel and massage thoroughly for good result, great style and good looks.
AFRICA'S BEST Honey & Castor Thermal Moisturizer (6oz)
$11.99
Africa's Best Honey & Castor Thermal Moisturizer(6oz)
CURLYCHIC Your Mane Moisturizer (8oz)
$11.99
CurlyChic MIXED HAIR HAIRCARE CURLY CREME VITALIZER 8 OZ
Curly Chic Your Mane Moisturizer Curly Creme Vitalizer provides moisture and condition your curls daily using this creamy, lightweight curl lotion.
Your curls will be noticeably softer, shiner, and healthier with each ultra-hydrating use. Curly Chic provides for maximum moisture and manageability
without feeling sticky, tacky, or greasy.
Direction to use:
Apply liberally to damp or dry hair daily or as often as needed. Leave in and style as desired.
Ingredients:Water (Aqua, Eau), Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil, Cetyl Alcohol, Cetearyl Alcohol, Cetrimonium Chloride, Behentrimonium Methosulfate,
Stearyl Alcohol, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil, Propylene Glycol Dibenzoate, Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil Cetrimonium Methosulfate,
Quaternium-91, Panthenol (Vitamin B5), Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E) Dimethicone, Phenoxyethanol, Propylene Glycol, Fragrance (Parfum), Citric Acid.
Good Use:
eveloped for curly, kinky, coily, wavy and frizzy hair
Great for curly guys or girls of all ages
Hydrates and revitalizes thirsty curls
Infused with olive and coconut oils
PRO SHEEN Bees Wax ( 7oz)
$8.99
Introducing PRO SHEEN Bees Wax, specially formulated with natural ingredients to provide superior hold and shine. This 7oz product is perfect for achieving a sleek and polished look, while nourishing and protecting your hair. Embrace the benefits of this expertly crafted beeswax for your styling needs.
DABUR VATIKA Naturals Anti-Breakage (wild Cactus) Hair Cream (7.1 oz)
$9.99
Dabur Vatika Anti-Breakage Hair Styling cream is enriched with olive, cactus and other natural ingredients that help strengthen your hair, giving you the naturally, stylish, strong hair.Olive for complete nourishmentCactus & other ingredients help in strengthening hair and fights hair loss
THE DOUX C.R.E.A.M Twist & Curl Cream (16oz)
$21.99
THE DOUX C.R.E.A.M Twist & Curl Cream (16oz)
Keeping curls alive is no job for C.R.E.A.M. This Twist & Curl Cream defines twist-outs and curls while reducing shrinkage. Ultra moisturizing formula helps with length retention by restoring moisture balance, increasing elasticity, and preventing breakage.COCONUT, ROSE WATER, VITAMIN E, AVOCADO OIL, MONOI OIL. What does it spell? Moisturized, healthy, curls.
HOW TO USE
Apply to clean, damp or dry hair, and twist, finger coil, or shingle.
For best results, allow hair to dry before manipulating or separating curls.
We mean it. No fuss = No frizz.
DESIGN ESSENTIALS Coconut & Monoi Deep Moisture Milk Souffle (12oz)
$24.99
Nourishment for every curl type? We have you covered. Our Design Essentials® Coconut & Monoi Deep Moisture Milk Soufflé a nourishing styler for lightweight, luminous, frizz-free curls. This is a moisture-boosting formula that delivers growth-stimulating botanicals, the smoothing power of shea butter, plus reparative milk protein that makes hair thrive.
Benefits
Delivers layers of moisture and nourishing protection
Lightweight formula with no buildup
Time-saving styler
Free from parabens, petrolatum, gluten, phthalates, DEA and TEA
Key Ingredients
COCONUT & MONOI OIL BLEND provides intense moisture and maximum hydration
SHEA BUTTER moisturizes and restores hair health from the inside out
MILK PROTEIN strengthens hair shaft
How To Use
Apply a generous amount to damp curls and massage thoroughly for even distribution.
Style as desired.
Can be used on wet, damp or dry hair.
BRONNER BROTHERS Tropical Roots Twist Cream (6oz)
$11.99
Use the Tropical Roots Twist Cream to seal hair ends while promoting healthy hair growth.
The Tropical Roots Twist Cream contains ingredients to begin and maintain healthy, lightweight braids, locks and twists keeping the hair frizz-free with a natural luster.
CREME OF NATURE Honey Hair Food Acai Berry -4.7Oz
$10.99
CREME OF NATURE HONEY HAIR FOOD ACAI BERRY -4.7oz
BLUE MAGIC Argan Oil Mango & Lime Leave-In Conditioner (13.75oz)
$7.95
Argan Oil Mango & Lime Leave-In Conditioner
DETAILS
Restore hairs Natural Moisture Balance
Mango & Lime
Made with 100% pure Argan oil from morocco
Anti Frizz
Botanical formula
FANTASIA IC Frizz Buster Serum With Free Creme (6oz)
$15.99
FANTASIA IC Frizz Buster Serum With Free Creme (6oz)
Protects and strengthens hair preventing further damageThe ultra-light formula is not oily, greasy or sticky and it is alcohol freeGives better style control and manageability
